Backyard Granny Flat SA 2026 - Site, Planning and Construction Guide

Site Access for Backyard Granny Flat Construction in SA

Site access is the first practical question for any backyard granny flat project in SA, and the question most commonly skipped until a builder visits and finds the planned method is not viable. Concrete trucks, excavators, concrete pumps, framing deliveries, and roofing deliveries all need to reach the rear of the lot. The available access route determines what equipment can be used and what it costs. These two variables change the project budget significantly if assumed rather than assessed before any quote is signed. A builder who has not visited the site before quoting cannot have correctly assessed the access constraints.

Standard access is a driveway of at least 3.0 metres clear width running along one side of the primary dwelling to the rear yard. On a metropolitan Adelaide lot of 12 to 15 metres frontage with the primary dwelling set back from one boundary, a 3.0 metre corridor is generally sufficient.

Where side access is narrower than 3.0 metres - common on older inner-Adelaide lots where fences have been built close to the existing dwelling - a concrete pump is required. A standard pump on an Adelaide suburban backyard slab adds $800 to $2,500 to the slab cost depending on pump size and distance from the pump to the pour location.

Where there is no side access at all - a primary dwelling built to both side boundaries with no vehicle access corridor - the construction options are significantly constrained. A concrete pump working from the street over the primary dwelling roofline is technically possible but expensive and requires a large-capacity pump boom. Prefabricated or modular construction delivered in sections small enough to be carried through the primary dwelling is an alternative that eliminates the heavy equipment access problem entirely. A steel-framed modular structure assembled from sections that can be transported through a standard 900mm doorway is the most common solution on no-access inner-city SA lots. The prefab or modular approach carries its own planning and NCC compliance requirements, but eliminates the site access problem at the cost of design flexibility.

Temporary fencing and hoardings for a backyard construction site need to protect both the primary dwelling's occupants and any adjacent properties from construction activity. Where the site is directly adjacent to the primary dwelling's living areas, acoustic barriers and dust barriers during the slab and framing phase are a practical consideration. SA councils may impose site management conditions on backyard development applications in suburban areas with limited setback from neighbouring properties, requiring a construction management plan as a condition of the planning consent. If a construction management plan condition is imposed, the builder must comply with it - it is a planning condition, not a builder option. Non-compliance with a planning condition is a breach of the development approval and can result in stop-work orders.

Rear lane access from an existing rear laneway is the best-case site access scenario for a backyard granny flat in SA. A rear laneway of 4.0 metres or more in width allows concrete trucks and standard construction vehicles to deliver directly to the rear boundary without any side-access constraint. Properties with rear laneway access in suburbs such as Norwood, Prospect, Unley, and Glenelg have a material construction cost and logistics advantage over equivalent lots without it. This advantage is worth quantifying when comparing inner-Adelaide lots for a granny flat investment - a rear laneway can reduce access-related construction costs by $3,000 to $8,000 compared to a lot where a concrete pump is required.

Extending Sewer, Water, and Power to the Rear of an SA Lot

A backyard granny flat needs connections to SA Water sewer and water supply, SA Power Networks electricity, and ATCO Gas Australia if gas appliances are specified. All of these services enter the primary dwelling at the front of the lot and must be extended to the rear. Extension costs are a function of run length and route complexity - whether the pipe or cable must cross driveways, concrete paths, or other structures requiring breaking up and reinstating. These costs are frequently underestimated in initial builder quotes and should be confirmed as fixed price items, not provisional sums, before any contract is signed.

The sewer connection for a backyard granny flat is the most critical and typically the most expensive service extension. The SA Water sewer main is usually at the front of the property or under the footpath, and extending it to the rear of a 600sqm to 700sqm lot involves a 20 to 35 metre extension of 100mm diameter uPVC pipe, laid at a minimum fall of 1:80. The licensed plumber must verify that the existing connection to the SA Water main has capacity for the additional fixture unit load of the granny flat, and that the invert level of the existing junction allows a gravity-fed extension at the required fall for the full run to the granny flat. Where the existing junction invert level is too shallow, a pump-up sewage system - a macerator or grinder pump - is required to pump the granny flat's waste up to the gravity sewer level, adding $2,500 to $5,000 to the project with ongoing maintenance implications. The full cost of a straightforward rear-of-lot gravity sewer extension including excavation, pipe, backfill, and surface reinstatement is typically $3,000 to $7,000 for an Adelaide suburban lot. The SA Water website provides guidance on the connection and extension application process.

The water supply extension to a backyard granny flat is simpler than the sewer extension because the supply pipe runs under pressure and does not require a minimum fall. A 20mm copper or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) supply pipe extended from the existing meter or pressure limiting valve to the rear of the lot is a standard plumbing job. The cost is typically $800 to $2,500 depending on the run length and whether the existing supply pressure is adequate for the additional fixtures. Where the lot is in an outer suburb and the street main pressure is at the lower end of SA Water's specification, a pressure limiting valve correctly set at the boundary is an important inclusion. If the granny flat is to have a separate SA Water meter and account, the new metered connection is installed at the boundary - a materially different and more expensive scope than extending the shared supply.

The electrical extension to a backyard granny flat involves running a sub-main cable from the primary dwelling's switchboard to a sub-board in the granny flat. The licensed SA electrical contractor sizes the sub-main cable for the anticipated load and routes it either overhead on a catenary wire or underground in conduit. An underground conduit run to the rear of an Adelaide suburban lot typically costs $800 to $2,000 for the trench, conduit, cable, and reinstatement. All new electrical work requires a Certificate of Compliance from the licensed SA electrical contractor. The CBS SA licence register allows property owners to verify the current licence status of any electrical contractor before work commences.

Reactive Clay Soils and Rear-of-Lot Footings

Reactive clay soils are prevalent across Adelaide's northern suburbs - Salisbury, Elizabeth, Davoren Park, Para Hills, Andrews Farm, and Angle Vale - and affect a significant proportion of SA backyard granny flat projects. Reactive clay (Class H or Class E under AS 2870) expands when wet and contracts when dry, producing differential movement that cracks a conventional slab-on-ground. A granny flat slab on Class H or Class E soil requires a stiffened raft or waffle pod slab designed by a structural engineer to resist this movement - a non-negotiable NCC compliance requirement, not an optional upgrade.

The footing design for a reactive clay site is based on a geotechnical assessment of the soil at the proposed slab location, typically costing $600 to $1,500 for a residential site. Where a soil assessment was done for the primary dwelling at the front of the lot, the same classification may not apply to the rear yard - the primary dwelling's eaves drainage and different vegetation cover in the rear yard can produce a materially different moisture regime. A new assessment at the granny flat slab location is the correct approach, not an assumption that the front-of-lot classification applies throughout.

The cost premium for an engineered reactive clay slab over a standard slab-on-ground depends on the soil classification and the slab area. A waffle pod slab on a Class H1 site for a 50 to 60sqm granny flat typically costs $8,000 to $14,000 more than a standard slab, including the structural engineer's design fee. A waffle pod slab on a Class H2 or Class E site for the same area may cost $12,000 to $20,000 more. These cost premiums are not optional - building a standard slab on a Class H or Class E site without an engineered design is a building consent non-compliance and a structural defect risk. Builders quoting a standard slab price for a site in the northern Adelaide suburbs without specifying the soil classification assumptions are either ignoring the risk or have not assessed it. Always ask the builder which soil classification their slab quote is based on and whether a geotechnical assessment has been carried out at the granny flat slab location.

Limestone subsoil in suburbs such as Prospect, Nailsworth, Enfield, and some parts of the eastern suburbs presents a different footing challenge. Limestone bedrock at shallow depth requires rock breaking for any underground services - the sewer extension trench, the water supply trench, and any electrical conduit runs must all be excavated through limestone using a rock saw or hydraulic hammer rather than a standard excavator bucket. Rock excavation adds $50 to $150 per lineal metre to trench excavation costs, and on a 30-metre combined service run to the rear of a lot, rock excavation throughout could add $4,500 to $13,500 to the service extension cost. The depth and consistency of the limestone layer is not predictable from visual inspection or from neighbouring lots' experience - it varies block by block and sometimes within the same lot. Budget for rock excavation as a provisional sum on any backyard granny flat project in limestone-subsoil suburbs, and ask the builder specifically how their quote handles rock if it is encountered: is it a fixed allowance or an open-ended additional cost? A builder who gives a specific provisional sum and a clear cost-per-metre rate for any rock above the allowance is managing the risk transparently.

Tree Protection and Removal for SA Backyard Granny Flat Projects

Existing trees in the rear yard are among the most common obstacles to backyard granny flat construction in SA, and among the most expensive to deal with poorly.

SA council tree protection by-laws and the Planning and Design Code's Significant Tree provisions protect trees above certain trunk circumference thresholds from removal without consent. A tree in the way of the proposed granny flat footprint cannot simply be removed - it must be assessed for protection status before any construction activity that would damage or remove it.

SA's Planning and Design Code defines a Significant Tree as a tree with a trunk circumference of 200mm or more measured at 1 metre above ground level. A Significant Tree cannot be removed without development consent - a separate application assessed against the Code's tree provisions. Consent is not guaranteed: the council assesses the tree's health, amenity value, and whether the development could proceed without removing it. If consent is refused, the granny flat design must be modified around the tree or the project cannot proceed in the proposed location.

The practical first step for any SA backyard project where existing trees are present is to measure the trunk circumference of every rear-yard tree at 1 metre above ground level - this takes ten minutes with a tape measure. Any tree at or above 200mm circumference must be treated as a Significant Tree requiring council consent for removal or significant root disturbance. Discovering a protected tree after the design is drawn and the builder is engaged adds delay and revision cost that is entirely avoidable. Discovering it after excavation has started and root damage has occurred is a planning compliance breach. The measurement comes first, before any design money is spent.

Tree roots are a constraint even for trees that will be retained. A tree with a trunk circumference of 200mm has a root system that extends approximately 1.5 to 2.5 times the height of the tree in radius from the trunk. A retained tree that is 8 metres tall has roots extending approximately 12 to 20 metres in radius. A granny flat slab located within this root zone will disrupt the root system during excavation, potentially damaging the tree and creating a structural risk to the slab if roots decompose under it. The structural engineer's footing design for a site near significant trees must account for root zones, and the tree's long-term viability given the root disruption must be assessed before the design is finalised. A protected tree that is damaged or killed during construction without consent is a planning compliance breach, and the property owner - not just the builder - bears the responsibility for the breach.

The cost of removing a Significant Tree after consent is obtained depends on the tree's size, species, and proximity to structures. A large established tree of 10 to 15 metres height on an Adelaide suburban lot typically costs $1,500 to $8,000 to remove by a licensed arborist, with stump grinding adding $300 to $800. Removing a large tree also exposes the previously shaded rear yard to full sun and neighbouring sightlines, which changes the landscaping requirement for the completed project. Budget for replacement screening planting or fencing as part of the post-tree-removal landscaping scope.

Orientation, Solar Access, and Privacy for SA Backyard Granny Flats

Orientation determines a backyard granny flat's passive solar performance and the ease of achieving the 7-star NatHERS minimum under NCC 2022.

In Adelaide's Climate Zone 5, the optimal orientation places the primary living area and largest glazing on the north elevation to capture winter sun. Minimal west-facing glazing limits summer afternoon overheating. Getting this right at the floor plan stage is the cheapest way to reach 7 stars - correcting it with mechanical systems or additional insulation after the slab is poured costs more than the design change would have.

Most SA residential lots have the primary dwelling at the front and the backyard at the rear, so the granny flat's orientation within the rear yard is largely fixed by the lot geometry. On a north-south running lot - where the street frontage faces east or west - the granny flat at the rear naturally has good north-facing potential. On an east-west running lot - street frontage to the north or south - the floor plan must be oriented within the rear yard to maximise north glazing. A building designer who checks the lot orientation before drawing the floor plan and positions the living area and bedroom north-facing will typically achieve a better NatHERS score at lower construction cost than one who draws the floor plan first and tries to reach 7 stars with insulation upgrades after.

On an east-west oriented SA lot - street frontage to the north or south - the granny flat at the rear of the lot naturally has good north orientation if the lot runs north-south. The primary dwelling faces the street, and the granny flat at the rear faces north across the shared rear yard. This is the best-case orientation scenario. On a north-south oriented SA lot - street frontage to the east or west - the granny flat at the rear is at the western or eastern end of the lot, and the optimal orientation of the living area must be resolved by the building designer in the floor plan. A granny flat at the western end of a north-south lot can still achieve north-facing living areas by rotating the floor plan on the slab so the living area faces north toward the primary dwelling, with bedrooms toward the west.

Privacy between the primary and backyard granny flat is a practical design issue separate from the planning assessment. Two households sharing a rear yard have overlapping sightlines from windows, outdoor areas, and entry paths - a conflict that is entirely avoidable if the floor plan addresses it before the design is drawn.

Offsetting the granny flat entrance to face a side boundary, screening the path with a fence or hedge, and positioning windows to avoid direct sightlines between the two dwellings' living areas eliminates most of the privacy conflict without any planning implications and without additional construction cost. These are layout decisions made in the floor plan brief, not materials items. A building designer who routinely works on SA backyard granny flat projects will raise privacy between the two dwellings as a standard design brief question; one who does not has likely not given sufficient thought to the day-to-day occupancy of the completed project. The privacy management decisions should be documented in the design brief before the first floor plan is drawn.

Overlooking from a backyard granny flat into adjacent neighbours' private open space is a planning assessment matter that applies even to single-storey detached structures. If the granny flat's windows have direct sightlines to the principal private open space of an adjacent dwelling within the setback distances specified in SA's Planning and Design Code, the planning authority may require privacy screens, increased setbacks, or modified window positions as a condition of consent. For a single-storey backyard granny flat with standard 900mm window sill heights, the overlooking risk is generally lower than for a two-storey structure, but the sightline check should still be completed by the building designer as part of the planning application preparation.

Private Open Space Allocation on SA Lots

The 20sqm minimum private open space requirement under SA's Planning and Design Code is one of the most frequently misunderstood constraints on small SA lots.

The 20sqm is not any 20sqm of rear yard - it must be a usable, unroofed outdoor area with a minimum 3 metre dimension in each direction, directly accessible from the granny flat's main living area. A covered patio does not qualify. A rear yard behind a locked shared gate does not qualify. The space must be on the granny flat occupant's side of any fence or landscape boundary between the two dwellings' outdoor areas, and it must be clearly identifiable on the site plan submitted with the planning application.

On a 600sqm lot with a primary dwelling, the rear yard available for both the granny flat footprint and the required private open space is limited. A practical site layout exercise for a 600sqm lot with a 15 metre frontage and a 40 metre depth gives a rear yard of approximately 15m x 20m after the primary dwelling's footprint. From this 300sqm rear yard, subtract the granny flat footprint (say 55sqm for a one-bedroom), the DTS rear boundary setback for the granny flat (0.5m minimum, more in some zones), the side setbacks (0.9m minimum per side), and the 20sqm private open space. The residual space between the primary dwelling's living areas and the granny flat becomes the shared yard zone - and on a standard metropolitan Adelaide lot, this space is typically 15 to 40sqm of functional outdoor space. Landscaping this shared zone to provide visual separation and amenity for both dwellings is a design task that the building designer should address in the site plan, not leave to the property owner to resolve after construction.

The primary dwelling also has its own private open space requirement to satisfy.

SA's Planning and Design Code's DTS criteria specify a minimum private open space for the principal dwelling in each zone. Adding a backyard granny flat reduces the total rear yard area, and if the remaining yard does not satisfy the DTS criteria for the primary dwelling's private open space, the application requires a performance-assessed pathway. This is another reason the site coverage and open space analysis must precede the design - not follow it.

SA Planning Consent for Backyard Granny Flat Builds

A detached backyard granny flat in SA requires both planning consent and building consent. There is no consent-free pathway for new backyard construction in established SA suburban areas.

Planning consent is lodged through the PlanSA ePlanning portal as a development application for ancillary accommodation. Building consent from a registered private certifier or the relevant council assesses the structure against NCC 2022. The planning pathway - DTS or performance-assessed - is determined by whether the proposed design meets all of the DTS criteria for the relevant zone.

For most metropolitan Adelaide backyards in the General Neighbourhood or Suburban Neighbourhood zone, a backyard granny flat that meets the DTS criteria follows the DTS pathway: maximum 70sqm GFA, minimum 600sqm lot, 20sqm private open space, 0.9m minimum side setbacks, 0.5m minimum rear setback (with zone variations), and DTS site coverage. If the proposed design meets all of these criteria, the planning authority assesses the application as DTS, which is typically faster and less expensive than a performance-assessed application. DTS applications in General Neighbourhood and Suburban Neighbourhood zones are typically determined within 4 to 8 weeks of a complete documentation package being lodged, though high-volume councils such as Salisbury and Onkaparinga tend toward the faster end of that range and smaller councils toward the slower end. A complete documentation package - site plan, floor plan, elevations, shadow diagram where required, and NatHERS certificate - lodged at the time of the initial application is the single most effective step in minimising assessment time.

Backyard granny flat applications in Character zones - Norwood Payneham St Peters, Unley, Walkerville, Prospect, and the City of Adelaide - are always performance-assessed. The design must address how the backyard granny flat relates to the character of the existing dwelling and the street. A detached backyard granny flat entirely behind the primary dwelling's rear wall and not visible from the street has a lower character impact than one visible from a laneway or side street. However, the design's relationship to the primary dwelling's architectural character remains relevant even for fully hidden backyard structures - the assessment may still consider how the scale and roof form of the granny flat sits relative to the primary dwelling. Pre-application engagement with the relevant council is the practical risk-reduction step for any Character zone backyard application.

Overlay conditions are checked through the PlanSA ePlanning portal at the property's address. A Flooding overlay, Bushfire Risk overlay, Historic Area overlay, or Heritage overlay each add requirements to the backyard granny flat assessment.

The flooding overlay imposes minimum floor levels above the modelled flood event; the Bushfire Risk overlay requires AS 3959 construction at the applicable BAL rating; heritage overlays require a Heritage Impact Statement for Local Heritage-listed properties. Identifying these overlays before the design is commissioned prevents the most expensive class of design revision - discovering a BAL-40 rating after specifying timber cladding, or a flood overlay after designing a slab at ground level. The overlay check through the PlanSA ePlanning portal takes 15 minutes and produces a definitive list of every overlay applicable to the property's address. The SA Government planning portal provides access to the current Planning and Design Code SA and all applicable overlay maps.

Landscaping and Visual Separation for SA Backyard Granny Flats

Landscaping between the two dwellings is not a planning requirement in most SA zones, but it is a practical necessity for the long-term liveability of the lot for both households.

Two households sharing a rear yard with no visual or physical separation have overlapping outdoor living zones, diminished privacy, and a higher likelihood of occupancy-related tension. A modest landscaping investment at the construction stage is far cheaper than retrofitting screening after the granny flat is occupied and the friction has already started.

The most cost-effective visual separation between the two dwellings is a planted screen using fast-growing SA-climate species. Lilly pilly (Syzygium species), Westringia, and Callistemon varieties grow quickly in Adelaide's climate, require minimal maintenance, and provide 1.5 to 3 metre privacy screening at maturity.

A screen planting of 6 to 8 plants at 1.5 metre spacing, planted at 300mm pot size, provides effective privacy screening within 18 to 24 months in Adelaide's climate. The cost is typically $400 to $900 planted - negligible relative to the build cost, but with a significant ongoing impact on the liveability of the shared yard for both households. Including the screen planting in the builder's landscaping scope at the construction stage is far cheaper than engaging a landscaper separately after the granny flat is tenanted. Specify the species, pot size, and spacing in the contract rather than leaving it as a general allowance that the builder can satisfy with inappropriate species or inadequate spacing.

Hard landscaping between the two dwellings - a paved path to the granny flat entrance, a defined outdoor area for the 20sqm private open space, and a clear demarcation between the two dwellings' outdoor zones - is worth planning at the design stage rather than leaving as a loose gravel area after construction. The path to the granny flat entrance should provide a clear, lit, all-weather route from the street entry or side access. Lighting along the path is a basic security and amenity requirement for any rental granny flat, and external path lighting should be specified in the builder's scope as an external electrical item with its own switch or sensor, independent of the primary dwelling's lighting circuit. A path that is dark, unlevel, or covered in loose gravel after rain is a practical problem that generates the most immediate tenant complaints on any backyard rental and is entirely preventable at minimal cost.

A 1.8m Colorbond or lapped-and-capped timber fence between the granny flat's outdoor area and the primary dwelling's rear yard is the most definitive solution to shared-yard privacy. A fence between two parts of the same lot generally does not require development approval in SA residential zones within standard height limits.

Confirm the specific height limit and any zone-based restrictions with the relevant council before the fence is installed, particularly in Character zones where fencing within a property may still be assessed for visual impact on the streetscape. The fence position also affects the DTS private open space assessment: the granny flat's 20sqm private open space must sit on the granny flat's side of the fence, not overlap with the primary dwelling's yard. Map this out on the site plan before the fence line is committed.

What to Look Out For with SA Backyard Granny Flat Projects

Backyard granny flat projects in SA carry several site-specific risks that are not present in standard residential construction. The most important to identify before signing a contract are the site access constraint, the soil condition, and the tree protection status - the three variables that most commonly force a budget revision or a design change after a contract is signed.

Site access assessment is the builder's first site visit task, not an afterthought. A builder who provides a quote without visiting the site and assessing the side access width, the surface condition, and the overhead clearances has not priced the access constraints. A quote that does not specify whether a concrete pump is included or excluded, or that treats concrete pump cost as a provisional sum, leaves the property owner exposed to the actual pump cost when it is confirmed. Ask every quoting builder to specify in writing whether a concrete pump is included in the slab price and if not, what the pump cost estimate is based on the surveyed access width.

Sewer invert level is the technical detail that most commonly turns a straightforward rear-of-lot extension into an expensive problem. The sewer extension must maintain a minimum fall of 1:80 (12.5mm per metre) along its entire run. On a flat Adelaide suburban lot, a 30-metre run needs to drop 375mm from the connection point to the granny flat.

If the existing sewer junction is already close to the minimum depth below the primary dwelling's floor level, there may be insufficient fall for a gravity-fed extension without a pump-up sewage system. A macerator or grinder pump adds $2,500 to $5,000 to the project with ongoing maintenance implications. The licensed plumber must check the invert level of the existing junction before any quote is finalised - not after the slab is poured and the sewer trench is open.

CBS SA licence verification is the mandatory pre-contract check. Verify the current licence at the CBS SA licence register before signing any contract.

The Building Work Contractors Act 1995 (SA) provides a five-year structural defect warranty and one-year non-structural warranty, with SACAT providing dispute resolution. Confirm that the builder's public liability and contract works insurance policies are current and specify them in the contract schedule before any work begins.

Post-construction certification for a backyard granny flat requires the private building certifier to sign off that the completed structure matches the approved building consent documentation - including the NatHERS rating, the wet area waterproofing, the structural engineer's slab and framing design, and the setback and height compliance. The occupancy certificate cannot be issued until all building consent conditions are satisfied and all inspections are complete. Occupying the granny flat before the occupancy certificate is issued is a building compliance breach. The SA planning consent approval also has its own post-construction conditions - typically a condition requiring photographic evidence or a surveyor's certificate confirming the setbacks and height comply with the approved plans. The Fair Trading SA website provides guidance on the roles and responsibilities of building professionals in SA residential construction.

Getting Accurate Quotes for SA Backyard Granny Flat Projects

A backyard granny flat quote is only comparable to other quotes if all site-specific items are explicitly included or excluded on the same basis.

The four site-specific items that most commonly differ between quotes for the same project are: concrete pump (included or excluded), service extension costs (fixed price or provisional sum), site access preparation (whether side access clearing or temporary fencing is in scope), and tree removal (whether any tree removal is in scope or a separate cost). A quote that treats all four as provisional sums cannot be evaluated against one that treats them as fixed prices.

Request that every quoting builder provide a written site access plan with their quote, describing how they propose to manage concrete delivery, framing delivery, and construction traffic given the specific access available at the property. A builder who has visited the site and thought through the access logistics will produce a specific, credible site access plan. A builder who has not visited the site will produce a vague or generic response that cannot be evaluated comparably. The site access plan also identifies any preliminary works required before construction begins - a narrow side gate that needs widening, an overgrown garden bed that needs clearing, or a temporary fence that needs relocating - which are costs that appear on the final invoice if they are not in the original contract.

For the service extensions, require the quote to specify: pipe length in lineal metres, whether rock excavation is included or provisional, whether the SA Water sewer main connection is in scope or a separate application, and whether the electrical sub-main is underground conduit or overhead catenary.

Two quotes with different assumptions on these items produce a cost difference that does not reflect a genuine pricing difference between builders - it reflects different scope. Post your project on The Quote Yard to connect with CBS SA-registered builders experienced in SA backyard granny flat construction across Adelaide metropolitan suburbs and regional South Australia.