Pool Cleaning Costs TAS 2026 - Get Free Quotes

Pool Cleaning Costs in TAS

Pool cleaning and servicing in Tasmania usually costs $60 to $120 a visit, or $90 to $150 a month on a regular schedule, with chemicals charged in addition to the labour. A season open-up in spring runs $150 to $350 and a winter close-down $150 to $300, while a filter sand change every five to seven years sits at $250 to $450. What you pay depends on the pool size, the equipment fitted, how often the technician attends and the state of the water when they arrive. A pool kept on a steady schedule is far cheaper to look after than one that is left to drift and then rescued.

Owning a pool in Tasmania is a different proposition to owning one further north, and the calendar is the reason. The comfortable swimming period here is short, often running from around December through to February or early March depending on the season and whether the pool is heated, which means a Tasmanian pool spends the large majority of the year sitting unused while still needing enough attention to avoid becoming a problem. That balance is the whole art of pool ownership in this state. A green pool recovery is what happens when the balance is lost. The off-season matters more here than the season does.

Regular servicing is straightforward maintenance rather than a rescue operation. A technician on a fortnightly or monthly visit tests and balances the water, skims and vacuums, brushes the walls and waterline, empties the baskets, checks the equipment and reports anything that needs attention, which keeps the pool swimmable and the equipment healthy for a predictable cost. It is preventive work by design. A professional operator can set up a schedule to suit your usage. Steady attention beats periodic crisis management.

The distinction between servicing and recovery is worth being clear about. Routine servicing assumes water that is broadly balanced and clear, whereas a pool that has turned green, cloudy or heavily contaminated needs shock dosing, extended filtration, repeat visits and sometimes a partial drain before normal servicing can resume, and that work is quoted separately. Most technicians will tell you honestly which category your pool falls into. A recovery service deals with the second case. Knowing which you need saves an awkward first visit.

Pools are also less common here than in warmer states, which changes the market in ways owners notice. There are fewer technicians per district, servicing rounds are more spread out, parts and equipment sometimes take longer to arrive than they would in a capital city on the mainland, and demand spikes hard in a narrow spring window when every owner decides at once that the season has begun. None of that is a problem if you plan ahead. It becomes a problem in December when the pool is green and nobody has an opening. A technician booked in September is far easier to secure than one booked at Christmas. Planning ahead matters more in a small market.

The guidance below sticks to what actually affects a pool owner. Match the servicing frequency to the season rather than paying the same all year, plan properly for the off-season instead of walking away in April, keep the chemistry stable rather than correcting it repeatedly, look after the equipment that does the work, and treat the safety barrier as a standing obligation rather than a one-off installation. Handled that way, a Tasmanian pool is a manageable cost rather than an unpredictable one.

What a Service Visit Covers

Water testing and balancing is the core of every visit. The technician tests chlorine or sanitiser level, pH, total alkalinity, calcium hardness and stabiliser, then doses accordingly, because these readings interact with each other and correcting one in isolation often makes another worse. Testing at the pool rather than guessing is the only way the dosing lands accurately. A recovery technician starts from the same readings. Balanced water is the foundation of everything else in the pool.

Physical cleaning takes up most of the visit time. Skimming the surface, vacuuming the floor, brushing the walls, steps and waterline, emptying the skimmer and pump baskets and clearing the leaf catcher all form part of a standard service, and in a Tasmanian autumn the skimming and vacuuming can dominate the whole visit. Brushing matters more than people think, because it lifts the film algae needs to establish. A garden operator can reduce the leaf load at the source. Physical cleaning and chemistry work together rather than separately.

Equipment checks are part of a proper service rather than an extra. The technician should check the pump and its operation, inspect the filter and backwash or clean it as needed, confirm the chlorinator or dosing system is working, check the flow and pressure readings, and look over the skimmer, returns and any automatic cleaner. Catching a failing pump early is cheaper than replacing one that has run itself to death. A business covering routine cleaning should report issues rather than quietly ignore them. Equipment checks are where servicing pays for itself.

Reporting is what turns a visit into a service you can rely on. A good technician leaves a record of the readings taken, what was dosed, what was cleaned, anything that needs watching and any recommendation, whether by note, email or app, so you can see the pool's history rather than trusting that someone came. That record is genuinely useful when something changes. A contracted commercial service works the same way. Documented visits build a picture over time.

Waterline grime is a specific job worth understanding. A greasy tide mark builds where the water meets the surface, made up of body oils, sunscreen, dust and airborne debris, and it bonds to tiles, fibreglass or render if it is left to accumulate through a season. Regular brushing during service visits keeps it from setting. Where it has already hardened, it needs a dedicated clean rather than another pass with a pool brush. A tile specialist handles set-in staining on surrounding paving and coping. The waterline is where a neglected pool shows first.

What sits outside a routine visit is worth confirming upfront. Chemicals are almost always charged separately, repairs to pumps, chlorinators, heaters and plumbing are quoted as jobs in their own right, filter media replacement, leak detection, resurfacing and equipment upgrades are separate again, and severe water problems move into recovery pricing. Knowing the boundaries prevents surprise invoices. A recovery quote covers the heavier end. Clear inclusions keep the relationship straightforward.

How Often to Service

The Tasmanian pool year has a natural rhythm that sensible servicing follows. Through the swim season, roughly December to February, a fortnightly visit suits most family pools because the water is warm, the pool is in use and chemistry moves faster, while the shoulder months of spring and autumn generally need monthly attention, and the depths of winter need less again provided the pool has been set up properly. Paying peak-season rates in July makes little sense. A green pool in September is usually the result of skipping the off-season entirely. Frequency should track the season rather than the calendar month.

How the pool is used changes the schedule as much as the weather. A pool with children swimming daily through January carries a heavier bather load, more sunscreen and more organic material than one used on weekends, and a holiday house pool used intensively for two weeks then left alone needs its servicing concentrated around that period rather than spread evenly. Telling the technician how you actually use the pool helps them plan. A short-stay property has particularly uneven demand. Usage patterns belong in the servicing conversation.

Doing it yourself between visits is entirely reasonable and many owners do. Emptying baskets, skimming leaves, running the robotic cleaner, brushing the waterline and checking a test strip are all straightforward tasks, and plenty of Tasmanian owners handle the routine themselves and book a technician monthly or at the season change for the technical work. That combination often gives the best value. A household already doing weekly upkeep can extend the habit outdoors. Shared responsibility works well when the roles are clear.

Handing over to a technician while you are away is a common arrangement worth setting up properly. Extended absences, whether a winter trip north or a few weeks away over summer, are when pools drift furthest, so agreeing that the technician attends on a set schedule, has access through the gate, and knows who to contact if something fails avoids returning to a problem. Access is the practical detail people forget. Leaving a key or a gate code arrangement in place beforehand solves it. A household arranging other services while away can coordinate the same access. Absence is when a standing arrangement earns its keep.

The false economy to avoid is stretching visits too far in the wrong months. Skipping servicing in late autumn or spring, when water is still warm enough for algae but nobody is watching the pool, is the most common path to a recovery bill, because a pool can turn in a week under the right conditions and cost several hundred dollars to bring back. A little attention in the shoulder months is the cheapest insurance available. A recovery costs far more than the visits that would have prevented it. The shoulder seasons are where pools are won or lost.

Spas and pool-spa combinations follow a different rhythm again. A spa holds far less water than a pool, which means its chemistry moves quickly and a heavy bather load can shift readings within a single session, and because spas are used year-round in this climate they often need more frequent attention than the pool they sit beside. Higher water temperature accelerates everything, including sanitiser consumption. Many Tasmanian owners use the spa through winter while the pool sits closed. A cleaning service should quote the spa separately from the pool. Small volumes need closer watching, not less.

What Drives the Price

Pool size and type set the starting point. Volume determines both the chemical dose and the time spent vacuuming and brushing, so a plunge pool, a standard family pool and a full-length lap pool are quoted quite differently, and a spa or a pool and spa combination adds another element again. A quote should be based on the actual pool rather than an average. Size is the simplest input into the price.

Equipment fitted to the pool changes the labour required. A pool with a working chlorinator, a correctly sized filter, a variable speed pump and a robotic or suction cleaner needs less hands-on work than one where every task is manual, so equipment upgrades often reduce ongoing servicing time even though they cost upfront. Technicians will usually point out where a small investment saves recurring labour. A specialist sees the difference between well-equipped and neglected pools constantly. Good equipment lowers the running cost of servicing.

Surroundings have a bigger effect in Tasmania than owners expect. A pool under deciduous trees fills with leaves through autumn, one near eucalypts collects bark, leaves and grit year round, and a pool in an exposed rural position takes dust and organic debris on the wind, all of which adds skimming, vacuuming and basket clearing to every visit. Clearing overhanging growth reduces the load permanently. A garden cleanup before autumn is worth scheduling. What surrounds the pool shapes how long each visit takes.

Chemicals, condition and travel complete the picture. Chemicals are charged in addition to the visit fee and can vary considerably depending on how stable the water is kept, a pool that has been allowed to slip needs corrective dosing that a well-maintained one does not, and a regional call-out carries travel that a suburban round does not. A quote that states the visit frequency, what the visit includes, how chemicals are charged and what falls outside the scope is the one you can genuinely compare.

Opening for the Season

The spring open-up is a bigger job than a normal visit and is priced accordingly. Removing and cleaning the cover, clearing accumulated debris, cleaning the waterline, restarting and testing the pump, filter and chlorinator, backwashing, shock dosing and then rebalancing the water over several days is the usual sequence, and it commonly takes more than one visit before the pool is genuinely ready to swim in. Rushing it produces cloudy water in December. A recovery service takes over when the open-up reveals a serious problem. Opening a pool properly takes days rather than hours.

Timing the open-up well makes the whole season easier. Starting the process in early spring rather than the first warm weekend gives the water time to clear and balance before anyone wants to swim, avoids the peak-demand period when technicians are booked out, and catches equipment faults while there is still time to repair them. Leaving it until the first hot day is how people lose the first fortnight of a short season. A spring clean is a natural time to include the pool. Early starts are rewarded in a short season.

What the open-up reveals is often the real value of it. Pumps that will not restart, chlorinator cells at the end of their life, perished seals, cracked skimmer boxes, failed heaters and covers that have not survived the winter all show up at this point, and finding them in September rather than late December means they can be dealt with before the season proper. Technicians expect to find at least one thing. A specialist should give you a written list rather than a verbal mention. The open-up doubles as an annual inspection.

Water top-up is a practical consideration at this point in the year. Evaporation, splash-out and backwashing lower the level over time, and a pool that has been closed may need topping up before the equipment can run properly, which for most Tasmanian households means mains water supplied by TasWater, while rural properties may be using tank or bore water with different characteristics. Water source affects the starting chemistry. A technician will test rather than assume. Knowing your water source is genuinely useful information.

The Long Off-Season

The off-season is the defining feature of pool ownership in Tasmania. From around March through to November the pool is cold, largely unused and often out of sight and mind, yet those months are exactly when neglected pools turn, because water that is left without circulation, sanitiser or attention will eventually go green regardless of the temperature. The long gap is the risk, rather than the cold itself. A green pool in spring almost always traces back to an unmanaged winter. What happens between March and November decides what spring looks like.

There are broadly two approaches and both work if done properly. Winterising means shutting the pool down deliberately, balancing the water, dosing an appropriate winter treatment, cleaning thoroughly, fitting a cover and reducing or stopping circulation with the equipment protected, while the alternative is keeping the pool running at reduced hours with occasional servicing so it stays clear all year. Neither approach is wrong, but half-measures are. A technician can advise which suits your pool and budget. Choose an approach deliberately rather than by default.

Covers earn their money over a Tasmanian winter. A cover keeps leaves, bark, grit and rain-borne debris out, reduces the organic load that feeds algae, cuts evaporation and reduces the chemical demand over the months when nobody is watching, and it makes the spring open-up dramatically quicker. The trade-off is that a cover needs its own maintenance and correct fitting. A cleared surround makes a cover far easier to manage. A good cover pays for itself in avoided spring work.

Autumn leaf fall is the specific local hazard worth planning around. Tasmania has a substantial deciduous tree population in older suburbs and gardens, alongside native eucalypts that drop bark and leaves year round, and a pool that takes a heavy leaf load in April and then sits under it all winter starts spring with decomposing organic matter staining the surfaces and feeding algae. Clearing before the pool is closed is far easier than clearing afterwards. A yard clear in autumn addresses the source. Leaves left in a closed pool are the classic spring problem.

Equipment protection matters in a state that gets genuine frosts. Pumps, filters, chlorinators and exposed pipework can be damaged by freezing in inland and highland districts, so draining or protecting equipment where appropriate, and following the manufacturer's guidance, is part of a proper close-down in colder parts of Tasmania. Coastal areas are less exposed to this than the Midlands or highland towns. A technician who works locally will know what your district needs. Frost protection is a real consideration inland.

Rain and top-up water have their own effect over a wet Tasmanian winter. Sustained rainfall dilutes sanitiser and stabiliser, drops the calcium and alkalinity readings, and can lift the water level enough to affect skimmer operation, so a pool left uncovered through the wetter months arrives at spring with quite different chemistry to the one that was closed down. Overflow can also carry debris back into the pool. Checking the level occasionally through winter takes moments. A gutter and drainage check nearby prevents runoff finding the pool. Rain changes the water even when nobody touches it.

Water Chemistry

The main readings interact, which is why balancing is a skill rather than a formula. Sanitiser level keeps the water safe to swim in, pH affects both swimmer comfort and how effectively chlorine works, total alkalinity buffers pH against sudden swings, calcium hardness protects surfaces and equipment, and stabiliser protects chlorine from sunlight, so adjusting one without regard to the others is how owners end up chasing their own corrections. A technician tests the full set rather than one strip reading. General public health information is available through Tasmanian Health. Balanced water is a system rather than a single number.

Salt chlorinated pools still need chemical attention despite the marketing. A salt pool generates its own chlorine from dissolved salt, which reduces handling of chlorine products, but the pH still drifts, the cell still scales and eventually wears out, salt levels need topping up and the same balancing applies, so a salt pool is a convenience rather than a maintenance-free system. Cells are a consumable with a finite life. A technician will check the cell condition during servicing. Salt pools are easier rather than automatic.

Cold water behaves differently and that catches people out. Chemical reactions slow in cold water, chlorine is consumed more slowly, and a pool that looks stable through a Tasmanian winter can move rapidly once the water warms in spring, which is why the transition months need closer attention than the temperature alone suggests. Testing more often as the water warms is sensible. A recovery is usually a spring event for exactly this reason. Warming water changes the chemistry quickly.

Storage and handling of pool chemicals deserves respect at home. Chemicals used on a green pool recovery are reactive, some combinations are dangerous, and they should be kept in original labelled containers, in a dry, ventilated place out of reach of children, never mixed together and always added to water rather than the reverse. Following the product directions matters more than any general advice. A technician handling dosing removes much of this from the household. Chemical safety at home is worth taking seriously.

Pumps and Filters

The pump is the heart of the pool and its running hours drive both cleanliness and cost. Circulation is what carries water through the filter and distributes sanitiser, and a pool that is not turning over enough water each day will struggle no matter how well it is dosed, though running the pump excessively simply raises the power bill without improving the result. Getting the run time right for the season is a technician's judgement. A specialist will set it differently for summer and winter. Circulation and cost are balanced by run time.

Filters need maintenance appropriate to their type. Sand filters are backwashed regularly and have their media replaced every five to seven years, cartridge filters are removed and washed periodically and replaced when the pleats degrade, and diatomaceous earth filters need recharging after backwashing, so knowing which you have determines the routine. Pressure readings tell you when attention is due. A pressure washing operator deals with a very different kind of filtration. Each filter type has its own schedule.

Automatic cleaners save labour but are not a complete solution. Suction and robotic cleaners handle the floor and some wall work well, reducing the manual vacuuming a technician needs to do, but they do not brush the waterline properly, do not clear skimmer baskets and cannot test or dose the water, so they complement servicing rather than replacing it. A robotic cleaner is still one of the better investments for a leafy site. A cleared surround reduces the workload for both. Automatic cleaners reduce the work without removing it.

Faults tend to announce themselves if you know the signs. Reduced flow, a noisy or straining pump, air in the lines, a chlorinator that will not hold output, rising filter pressure that backwashing does not fix and water that clears slowly after dosing all point to something needing attention, and reporting them early usually means a repair rather than a replacement. Technicians would rather hear about it at the first sign. A regular service catches most of these during routine checks. Early symptoms are cheaper than late failures.

Heating and Running Costs

Heating is far more common on Tasmanian pools than on mainland ones, for obvious reasons. Without heating, the usable season in most of the state is short, so many owners fit heat pumps, gas heaters or solar systems to extend swimming into the shoulder months, and the choice between them has a significant effect on both the upfront cost and the running cost. Heating is often what makes a pool worth having here. A technician will factor the heater into servicing checks. Heating is close to essential for a usable season locally.

Running costs deserve a realistic look before committing. Pumps, chlorinators and especially heaters consume electricity, and heating a body of water against cool Tasmanian air is inherently energy intensive, so it is worth understanding your tariff and usage, with electricity retail information available through Aurora Energy. A variable speed pump and sensible run times reduce the ongoing cost noticeably. A well-maintained pool also runs more efficiently than a struggling one. Running costs are a bigger factor here than servicing fees.

Covers do more for heat retention than most owners expect. A pool loses a large share of its heat overnight through the surface, so a thermal or bubble cover holds warmth, reduces evaporation and cuts the energy needed to bring the pool back up the following day, which makes it one of the most cost-effective additions for a heated pool in this climate. Fitting and removing it is the only real inconvenience. A tidy surround makes handling a cover much easier. Covers are the cheapest heating efficiency available.

Solar heating suits some Tasmanian sites better than others. Roof-mounted solar systems work well where there is suitable orientation and sufficient sunshine hours, and they cost little to run once installed, but their output is weather dependent and they extend the season rather than guaranteeing warm water on demand. A heat pump gives more control at a higher running cost. A honest supplier will discuss the trade-offs for your site. Site orientation decides how well solar performs.

Barriers and Protection

Pool safety barriers are a legal obligation for pool owners and they matter more than anything else on this page. Swimming pools and spas require compliant safety barriers, with requirements referencing the Australian Standards for swimming pool safety barriers published by Standards Australia and administered through building regulation, and general building and consumer information for the state is available through Consumer, Building and Occupational Services. Your council can confirm what applies to your property. Barrier compliance sits with the owner regardless of who services the water.

Maintaining the barrier is an ongoing duty rather than a one-off installation. Gates must self-close and self-latch reliably from any position, latches and hinges wear and need checking, gaps can open up as fences settle or ground moves, and items such as pot plants, furniture, firewood stacks or bins left near the fence can create a climbable point that defeats the barrier entirely. Checking it regularly takes a minute. A garden tidy-up is a good moment to clear the fence line. A barrier only works while it is maintained.

Supervision remains the most important safety measure regardless of fencing. A compliant barrier is a backup rather than a substitute for adult supervision of children around water, and that principle applies just as strongly to a cold pool in October as it does to a warm one in January. Water does not become safe because the season has ended. A closed pool under a cover still needs the barrier maintained. Supervision and barriers work together.

Consumer protections apply to pool servicing like any other trade service. Under Australian Consumer Law, overseen by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, services must be provided with due care and skill and be fit for purpose, so if equipment is damaged through careless work or agreed servicing is not delivered, you have a fair basis to raise it. Keeping the service reports and invoices supports any discussion. A documented service history is useful for this and for resale. Records protect you as well as informing you.

Pool Cleaning Costs Across Hobart and the South

Around Hobart and the south, pool servicing prices sit close to the state norm, with demand heavily concentrated in the warmer months. Pool ownership is less common here than in warmer states, so the technician base is smaller and summer booking pressure is real, particularly for open-ups in early spring when everyone decides at once that the season has started. A recovery job in that window can be hard to schedule quickly. Booking ahead matters more than in a mainland market.

Two southern conditions shape these jobs in practice. Many established Hobart suburbs have mature deciduous gardens that drop heavily into pools through autumn, and sloping blocks with pools cut into terraces can make equipment access and drainage more awkward than a flat suburban yard. A garden operator can reduce the overhang before autumn. Leaf load and access are the southern variables.

Pool Cleaning Costs in Regional TAS

Regional rates track the state norm fairly closely, with travel and booking availability the real differences. Launceston and the north have a reasonable technician base, while smaller centres and rural districts have fewer operators covering wide areas, so servicing rounds tend to run on set days and flexibility is limited. A technician who covers your district needs confirming before the season starts. Technician availability shapes what is possible outside the cities.

Rural and inland pools face conditions that coastal ones do not. Properties in the Midlands and higher inland districts get harder frosts, which makes equipment protection over winter a genuine consideration, and open rural blocks collect wind-blown dust, pollen and organic debris that a sheltered suburban pool never sees. Water source can differ too, with tank or bore supply changing the starting chemistry. A technician will test before dosing. Inland conditions add their own maintenance requirements.

Holiday properties and shacks have a distinctive servicing pattern. A pool at a coastal shack may be used intensively over the summer holidays and then left entirely for ten months, which makes a proper close-down and a scheduled open-up far more valuable than sporadic visits through the year. Owners who arrange this in advance avoid arriving to a green pool at Christmas. A short-stay operator coordinates the same seasonal rhythm. Absentee ownership makes the off-season plan essential.

Coordinating with a technician's route is the practical regional approach. Because travel is built into a country call-out, asking when the technician is next in your area, booking the season open-up well ahead and grouping any repair work into the same visit keeps costs sensible. Neighbours with pools often coordinate for the same reason. A garden visit can be timed alongside to clear the surround. Working with the round beats requesting special trips.

What to Look Out For

Check how chemicals are charged before you agree to anything. Some quotes include a chemical allowance while others bill everything on top, and since chemicals can be a substantial part of the annual cost, particularly after a recovery, two services with identical visit fees can differ significantly over a season, so ask what a typical month costs all in. Transparency here is a good sign generally. Chemical charging is the most common source of quote confusion.

Ask what the visit actually includes and how long it takes. A thorough service covering testing, dosing, vacuuming, brushing, baskets and equipment checks takes real time, whereas a very quick visit may amount to a test and a dose with little physical cleaning, and the difference shows up in the pool within weeks. Duration is a fair question to ask. A professional will describe their routine without hesitation. A short visit is not the same service as a full one.

Be cautious of anyone who does not test properly on site. Dosing without a full test, relying on a single strip reading or working from what was done last time is guesswork, and it leads to over-dosing, wasted chemicals and water that never quite settles, so watch what happens in the first few minutes of a visit. Proper testing is quick and visible. A technician should be able to tell you the readings. Testing on site is non-negotiable.

Treat pressure to replace equipment with reasonable scepticism. Pumps, chlorinator cells, filters and heaters do wear out and replacement is sometimes genuinely necessary, but a recommendation should come with an explanation, readings or a demonstration of the fault, and a second opinion is entirely reasonable before spending significant money. Repairs are often possible where replacement is proposed. Ask for the reasoning rather than the conclusion. Evidence should accompany any big recommendation.

Finally, make sure the off-season is part of the arrangement. The most common expensive mistake in Tasmania is stopping servicing in autumn and restarting in December, which is precisely the pattern that produces green water and a recovery bill, so agree what happens between March and November when you set the schedule. It costs far less to plan it than to fix it. A recovery is what the plan is there to avoid. The off-season plan is the part people forget to ask about.

What to Look for in a Quote in TAS

A good pool servicing quote describes the visit and the year rather than quoting a single number. It should state the visit frequency and how that changes by season, exactly what each visit includes, how chemicals are charged, what falls outside the scope, the cost of the season open-up and close-down, and any travel for a regional address. With those written down, two quotes become genuinely comparable. The annual picture, not the per-visit fee, is what you are weighing.

Ask about chemicals, duration and the off-season, because those three cover the real variables. A technician who explains how chemicals are billed, roughly how long a visit takes and what they recommend between March and November has given you the information you need, while vagueness about the off-season is worth noticing in this climate. Those questions take a couple of minutes. A professional operator answers them without hesitation.

Compare on the annual cost rather than the visit price. A slightly higher visit fee with chemicals included, thorough servicing and a sensible off-season plan usually costs less across a year than a cheap visit that leaves the pool drifting and ends in a recovery, so weigh the whole arrangement. Describing your pool once on The Quote Yard brings responses from several technicians so the differences are visible side by side. With pools, consistency across the year is where the value genuinely sits.

Settle the schedule, the chemicals, the off-season and the safety checks before the season starts. Confirm what each visit covers and how often, agree how chemicals are billed, book the open-up early rather than on the first warm weekend, when every operator is stretched, plan the close-down properly in autumn, and check the barrier and gate yourself regularly regardless of who services the water. A technician covering all of that gives you a pool that is ready when the short season arrives. You can explore cleaning services and green pool cleaning on The Quote Yard and post your job to compare pool technicians across the state.